What is market power?

• A. The ability to collude and set industry-wide prices.
• B. The price a firm pays to maximize profit is the industry price.
• C. A market with many sellers with identical products and no barriers to entry.
• D. The ability to influence price; a monopoly typically has substantial market power due to barriers to entry.

Answer: (D)

Market power is the ability of a firm to influence the price of its product rather than taking the market price as given. When a firm has this power, it can push prices above what would prevail in a perfectly competitive market, often because barriers to entry limit other firms from eroding that price. A monopoly is the clearest example: with few or no competitors and significant barriers to entry, it can set prices more to maximize its own profit. In contrast, a market with many sellers, identical products, and no barriers is a price taker situation, where no single firm can influence the price. So the best description is the ability to influence price, with a monopoly illustrating why this power arises. (Collusion can be a way to exercise that power, but the core idea is the capacity to influence price.)